since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由通常被翻译成“既然”=now that,较为正式,但是语气比because弱。
since既然是什么状语从句
since作为连词,引导原因状语从句。表示“因为、既然、鉴于”。
since引导的原因状语从句:
since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”), 较为正式, 语气比because弱。
例如:
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
既然今天你休息, 你最好帮我补习数学。
Since you don't trust him,you should not employ him.
你既然不信任他,你就不该雇用他。
注意: seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近, 都表示“既然”。
例如:
Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him.
他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们, 我们没有理由要来帮助他。
Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了, 就不应该依靠你的父母了。
Considering (that) everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion.
既然大家都到了,我们就开始讨论吧。
In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.
因为他生病了,他觉得做不了那件事。
since还能引导什么状语从句
since还可以引导的时间状语从句
(1)since意为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句常用一般过去时。例如:
Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin. 卡思自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。
She had been worrying since the letter arrived. 自从接到那封信后她就一直焦虑不安。
How long is it since we last went to the theatre? 我们多久没去看戏了?
(2)从句谓语的类型不同,从句表达的意义不同
①since引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,计时起点从动作或状态结束算起,翻译时从句按其否定式翻译。例如:
He has gone fishing frequently since he was ill. 自从病好以来,他经常去钓鱼。
I haven't heard from him since he lived here. 自从他不住这儿起,我一直没有收到他的信。
I haven't eaten this kind of cake since I was a student at school. 自从我毕业后就一直没有吃过这种蛋糕。
②since引导的从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,计时起点从动作开始算起,翻译时从句正常翻译。例如:
I haven't seen him since he left Tianjin. 自从他离开北京之后我就没有再见到他。
We have been good friends since we joined the team. 自从加入这个队,我们就成了好朋友。
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill. 自从我生病以来,他经常给我写信。
(3)It is/has been+时间段+since+从句
该句型表示“自从……有多长时间了”,since从句不可用否定式。例如:
It is three years since he smoked. 他不吸烟已有三年了。
It is/has been six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年了。
since, as,because与for用法辨析
1、because的用法
because语气最强,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行。如:
A:Why didn’t she come? 她为什么没来?
B:Because she was very busy. 因为她很忙。
It is because he is clever that I like him. 是因为他聪明我才喜欢他。
2、since与as
两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的,即对已知事实提供理由,而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 语气稍强,且比 as 略为正式,它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:
As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿,我留了个口信。
Since you’ve been here awhile, you might as well stay. 既然你已经来了一段时间,就不妨继续待下去。
另外,since 可用于省略句,而其他三者不行。如:
Since so, I have nothing to say. 既然如此,我无话可说。
3、for的用法
for是并列连词,而其余三者为从属连词。for有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后,且可与 because 换用);有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后,但不能与because 换用)。比较:
The ground is wet,for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨, 你看今天早上地面是湿的。 (此句不能用 because 代 for)
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