动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的
不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的
动名词和不定式的区别
1、动名词侧重表达抽象、经常、多次的行为;而不定式侧重表达具体、一次性的行为。
例句1:I like swimming in the afternoon.
我喜欢在下午游泳。(表达的经常性的动作)
例句2:I don't like to swim this afternoon.
今天下午我不想去游泳。(一次的行为)
2、动名词一般表示未完成的动作,而不定式表示完成了的动作。
例句3:Tom has learned swimming.
汤姆学过游泳。(学没学会不确定)
例句4:Tom has learned to swim.
汤姆学会了游泳。(表示学会)
3、动名词一般表示人的行为,可以是别人的行为;而不定式特指主语的行为。
例句5:I don't like speaking loudly in public.
我不喜欢在公共场所大声说话。(自己不说,也不喜欢别人大声说)
例句6:I don't like to speak loudly in public.
我从不在公共场所大声说话。(仅表示自己)
4、动名词一般作前置定语,不定式一般作后置定语
例句7:The swimming pool is very big. 游泳池很大。
例句8:This is a good place to play basketball. 这是一个打篮球的好地方。
动名词和不定式的区别技巧
在表示不真实、抽象或未来发生的动作时,多用不定式。比如:She wants to eat. 她想吃东西。但也不排除在一些固定搭配中,尽管动作未发生,但仍应使用动名词而非不定式,比如 “fancy doing something” 想要做某事。
在表示真实或已完成的动作时,多用动名词。比如:He enjoys playing computer games. 他很喜欢玩电脑游戏。同理,有一些已完成的动作,则需要使用不定式而非动名词,比如 “manage to do something” 成功做成某事。
动名词和不定式的区别测试
1. Even though it was raining heavily, we managed _______ dry under the umbrella.
a) stay
b) staying
c) to staying
d) to stay
2. Do you fancy _______ a film tonight?
a) to watch
b) watching
c) watch
d) to watching
3. I sometimes enjoy _______ late because I can concentrate better when there's no one in the office.
a) working
b) to work
c) work
d) having worked
4. My parents used to make me _______ my homework as soon as I came home from school.
a) be doing
b) doing
c) to do
d) do
5. He sent me a message on Facebook, but I forgot _______ him my reply.
a) to send
b) to be sending
c) send
d) sending
6. It's Chen's birthday next week. How about _______ a table at her favourite restaurant?
a) to book
b) book
c) booking
d) having to book
7. I enjoy _______ to just lie on my sofa reading a good book after a long, hard day at work.
a) able
b) to be able
c) to able
d) being able
8. If you need to get up early tomorrow, I suggest you _______ the alarm clock.
a) fix
b) to fix
c) fixing
d) to be fixing
答案
1) d, 2) b, 3) a, 4) d, 5) a, 6) c, 7) d, 8) a.
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