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动名词作宾语的用法

2023-06-06 09:59 1278浏览

动名词实际上是具有动词性质的名词,因此它可以做名词可以作的句子成分。动名词可以在句子中用作宾语。

动名词作宾语的用法

1、作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot   

They went on walking and never stopped talking.

他们继续走,说个不停。

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.

在海滩上走真是乐事。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

有些动词之后既可接动词不定式,又可接动名词,可把这类动词分为三种类型:两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:attempt ,begin,cease,continue,intend,omit,start,cannot bear,decline,disdain,loathe,neglect,commence

They ceased talking/to talk.

他们停止说话。

Prices will continue to rise/rising.

物价将继续上扬。

What do you intend to do/doing next?

你下一步打算干什么?

宾语用不定式和动名词所表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时,表示特定的一次性的未来动作;用动名词则表示一般的行为,或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说,动名词表示泛指的动作,而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有:hate,like,love,prefer,dread等。例如:

Woula you like to go with me?

你想跟我一起走吗?

He preferred to do this rather than do that.

他宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。

2、作介词的宾语

动词+介词+动名词,例如:

The rain prevented us from completing the work.

下雨妨碍我们完成工作。

She complains of the book being too difficult.

她抱怨这本书太难。

形容词+介词+动名词,例如:

I know who is responsible for breaking the window.

我知道窗户是谁打破的。

名词+介词+动名词,例如:

There are many ways of doing it.

有许多方法可以做这件事。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.

我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?

我们休息呢还是开始干活?

there be和it is也可变为动名词there being 和it being与介词连用。例如:

The car stooped because of there being no fuel in the tank.

因为油箱里没有油,所以汽车停了下来。

介词+动名词也可在句中作状语,表示时间、条件等。例如:

On leaving school,he went into business.

一离开学校,他就投身到商业中去了。

3、作形容词的宾语

The music is well worth listening to more than once.

这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.

我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

动名词做主语的用法

1、动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如:

Seeing is believing.Helping her is my duty.Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。

Working with you is a pleasure.和你一起工作是一种乐趣。

2、动名词常常被看作是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。如:

Eating is an important thing. 吃是一种很重要的事情。

Watching films is my favorite passtime. 看电影是我最喜欢的消遣。

3、动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语。如:

It's rather tiring walking around in a city.

不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如:

It's no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

He realized that to go on like this was wrong.(指具体动作)